Major
A major chord is a chord having a root, a major third, and a perfect fifth, When a chord has these three notes alone, it is called a major triad.
Minor
A minor chord is a chord having a root, a minor third, and a perfect fifth. When a chord has these three notes alone, it is called a minor triad. Some minor triads with additional notes, such as the minor seventh chord, may also be called minor chords.
A minor triad can also be described as a minor third interval with a major third interval on top or as a root note, a note 3 semitones higher than the root, and a note 7 semitones higher than the root.
Dominant
The dominant is the fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, called "dominant" because it is next in importance to the tonic and a dominant chord is any chord built upon that pitch, using the notes of the same diatonic scale. The dominant function (diatonic function) has the role of creating instability that requires the tonic for resolution.
Augmented
An augmented triad is a triad, or chord, consisting of two major thirds (an augmented fifth). The term augmented triad arises from an augmented triad being considered a major chord whose top note (fifth) is raised, or augmented. It can be represented by the integer notation
Diminished
A diminished seventh chord is a four note chord that comprises a diminished triad plus the interval of a diminished seventh(alternatively regarded en-harmonically as a major sixth) above the root.
7th chord
A seventh chord is a chord consisting of a triad plus a note forming an interval of a seventh above the chord's root. When not otherwise specified, a "seventh chord" usually means a dominant seventh chord: a major triad together with a minor seventh.
Chord progressions
A chord progression (or harmonic progression) is a series of musical chords, or chord changes that "aims for a definite goal" of establishing (or contradicting) a tonality founded on a key, root or tonic chord
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